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Ivan Naumovich
Ivan Grigorievitch Naumovich ((ポーランド語:Iwan Naumowicz), (ロシア語:Ива́н Григо́рьевич Наумо́вич), (ウクライナ語:Іва́н Григо́рович Нау́мович); (January 14, 1826 – August 16, 1891), was a priest, member of parliament, writer, and major figure in the Russophile movement in western Ukraine. His article ''Glimpse into the future'' was considered the most important manifesto of Galician Russophilism〔John Paul Himka. (1999). ''Religion and Nationality in Western Ukraine,'' pp. 24-28. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press.〕
==Background==
During the 19th century the area currently known as western Ukraine was part of the Austrian Empire. Its people consisted primarily of Poles and Ukrainians. The Poles had ruled over western Ukraine prior to the Austrians having ruled over it, and made up most of the nobility. They dominated the region politically and economically. The Ukrainians, although a numeric majority, were mostly peasants or priests. During the nineteenth century the people who are now known as Ukrainians referred to themselves as ''Rusyny'', typically translated as Ruthenians. Among the Ruthenians, two competing national ideologies developed: Russophilism, the belief that there was no such thing as a Ukrainian nation and that the people of western Ukraine were the westernmost branch of the Russian people, and Ukrainophilism, the belief that there was a Ukrainian nation separate from a Russian one and that the people of western Ukraine belonged to that Ukrainian nation. Although initially the Austrian authorities supported Russophilism as a counterbalance against the Poles, when Austria and Russia became rivals Austria shifted its support to the Ukrainophile movement.
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